I want to ask you a question. Is Aggressive Behavior Biologically or Environmentally based?
Their behavior can be controlled by the environment, some children should be biologically inclined to behave aggressively.
Aggression can not be credited to just one origin. Link is serotonin. Aggressive behavior is any behavior exhibited verbally or physically with the intention to destroy property or to injure or infuriate another person. In other cultures, aggressive behavior is influenced by sports.
Whenever concluding that aggression is learned through reinforcement, it is a type of operant conditioning where the positive reinforcement encourages further display of aggression.
Neurotransmitters similar to serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine are three of the most common chemicals found in the brain and are associated with aggressive behavior.
Tryptophan hydroxylase is an enzyme that controls the rate of synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Children thence learn that aggression can enable them to control resources just like toys and gain parental attention. Similarly, a laboratory rat bred in isolation from other rats and has never seen the aggressive behavior of a wild rat can live in harmony with a mouse.
Controlled studies of behavior in experimental settings have demonstrated that aggressive behavior is similar to other operant behavior since it is influenced by rewards and punishment.
Electrical stimulation of another area of the hypothalamus causes the cat to act in a completely different way.
People can learn that crime pays. Anyways, biology provides the instrument for aggression but environment teaches us how to use them. Seriously. It’s a well-known fact that the final behavior depends on the monkey’s position in the hierarchical structure of the monkey colony. Biological Perspectives 1 Electrical stimulations Electrical stimulations and lesion in specific parts of the hypothalamus can influence one’s tendency to behave aggressively. Person’s diet may control the levels of serotonin that their body produces. Furthermore, since the risk of developing the illness is higher if an individual is genetically associated with a schizophrenic person, research has shown that there’s a hereditary predisposition for schizophrenia.
Serotonergic activity can be determined by measuring the levels of ‘5 hydroxyindoleacetic’ acid in the cerebrospinal fluid.
These reactions are controlled by the cortex and are influenced by previous experiences and social influences.
The response to frustration may differ determined by the kind of responses a person has learned to use in coping with frustrating situations. Serotonin is produced in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan which is derived from foods high in protein. Rats that did poorly in learning to run the maze were mated with similar dull rats and those that did well were mated with other bright rats. While showing the relationship between non typical traits and genetics, in all the aforementioned studies subjects shared a regular characteristic of genes. Nonetheless, in so this capability has enabled us to survive and stand greater than animals.
People with low serotonin levels will act aggressively.
They will respond to frustration with aggressive behavior, I’d say if a person has learnt that aggression can elicit a desired result. Biological theories propose that aggression may have a chemical, hormonal or genetic component. Nevertheless, is the propensity for violence inherited? For instance, wORKS IN SEVERAL VOLUMES Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2003 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Fishbein, Biological Perspectives in Criminology. Known in adoptive studies most cases reveal that criminality of the biological parent is a better predictor of the child’s criminal involvement than the criminality of the adoptive parents. Just think for a moment. Dominant monkeys will exhibit aggres¬sive behavior when electrically stimulated in the presence of a submissive monkey but should suppress the aggressive behavior in the presence of another dominant monkey.
Children learn aggression by imitating adult actions from live experiences or from viewing violence through the media.
Bandura,, pioneered the social learning theory which emphasized the role of learning by observation of behavior.
Humans are not hard wired like computers, where given a fixed command or stimulus results in a fixed response. That said, this concept can be applied in the natural setting. For example, people in poorer communities become frustrated when their physiological needs can’t be met and some are motivated to acquire these needs through crime. While indicating links between behavior and biochemical activities, while other studies have considered environmental and societal factors as influences on behavior, many of us know that there are studies supporting the source of aggression to be innate. Fact, the food is the reward which reinforces the action that leads to the rat pressing the bar again with an eye to obtain another reward. Seriously. Serotonin, or 5 hydroxytryptamine, is produced in the brain from an amino acid tryptophan and is involved in inhibiting impulsive responses to frustration similar to aggression.
Studies done by Linnoila and colleagues.
Parents who promote hitting as a means of discipline and often quarrel in the presence of their children encourage their children to resolve conflict by using aggression.
Actually a subject receives positive reinforcement, they most possibly will repeat the behavior to gain more rewards, if after behaving aggressively. Individuals who exhibit abnormal low levels of serotonin are said to suffer from serotonin depletion and were found to be more violent or impulsive than those who had normal serotonergic activity. With all that said… Aggression is influenced by cultural and social factors. Serotonergic activity is linked to the deficiency of TPH. It can limit the production of serotonin since And so it’s one catalyst in the reaction producing serotonin. Ok, and now one of the most important parts. Neurotransmitters and behavior.
There’s a hereditary predisposition for schizophrenia and the risk of developing it depends on how closely a person is associated with someone with schizophrenia.
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the existing theories and research findings that support both the nativist view and the empiricist view and to reveal the relationship between biology and the environment in determining behavior.
By the way, the animal hisses and would strike at any object that is placed in its cage, when a cat’s hypothalamus is stimulated using implanted electrodes. Actually the founder of behaviorism John Watson argued that the conditioned response was viewed as the smallest unit of behavior, from which more complicated behavior should be created. When the hypothalamus is electrically stimulated, the rat will attack and kill the mouse by using a similar technique that its untamed kin uses. Research like the Bobo Doll study has shown that aggression can be learnt through imitation. Someone may carry the gene for diabetes and may never develop it however, obesity increases their risk. Anyways, choice is the ability to select from a lot of alternatives. Biological and environmental factors are complementary in understanding the origin of aggression. Some information can be found easily by going online. By Daena De Souza 0 INTRODUCTION The nature versus nurture topic is an unremitting debate for various sides of human behavior including aggressive behavior.
Our species can influence the outcome of our children’s behavior, since of our ability to consciously choose the values we instill in our children.
While implying that aggression is imitated rather than learned through conditioning, bandura disputed that social imitation rather than Skinner’s model of reinforcement was responsible for aggressive behavior.
Biological Science one and two NO AUTHOR / EDITOR GIVEN Does media violence really influence human behavior? We can use the example of the rat in the skinner box to demonstrate the effect of operant conditioning in experimental settings. Undoubtedly it’s best to approach the nature nurture debate from a position that embraces both view points to truly learn the basis of aggression. Remember, violent crime and the menstrual cycle McCawley, The nature of aggression Silvis, Brainbehavior and naturenurture. Notice that by demonstrating aggression one can unknowingly encourage aggression in suggestible children. Genes and aggression. However, the answer is simple. Traditional phrase for the debate nature versus nurture going to be re phrased as nature being nurtured. Just keep reading! However similarity in biological traits can be shown using twin and adoptive studies, It is complicated to perform selective breeding studies on humans.
Two interacting scientific debates.
This is where social learning plays a role.
Genes are hereditable and are not affected by environment factors like rearing conditions however rearing conditions can influence gene expression. Actually, the relationship between genetics and environment Genetics may influence both development and behavior however, it fully determines neither. We have the ability to choose our course of action and our decisions are preceded by will and thought. Considering the above said.a lot of most compelling evidence comes from genetics, serotonin research and the influence of hormones on aggression. Children by imitation figure out how to be violent and this behavior is reinforced by learning the rewards of violence. Therefore, it’s better to provide an environment that reduces the inclination for the child to act aggressively, instead of rearing an aggressive child in an environment that fosters more aggression. Now regarding the aforementioned fact… Bandura concluded that viewing aggression increases the likelihood of the viewer acting aggressively. Let me tell you something. Basically the toy will reinforce that behavior, Therefore in case you give a child a toy to stop him or her from exhibiting temper tantrums. Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology Taylor, Stout. Ok, and now one of the most important parts. When frustrated an individual has the choice to react in a certain manner.
They can learn that aggressive behavior is common and acceptable and can be used to solve problems, attain needs, influence another person or even make them a hero.
REFERENCE LIST MORE THAN TWO AUTHORS Atkinson, Smith, Bem Nolen Hoeksema.
Evidence supporting aggression as a learned behavior comes from studies of behavior in experimental and natural settings, social learning theory and the effect of cultural and social variables. By injecting the rat with a neurochemical blocker in similar area of the hypothalamus that was previously stimulated, the rat so becomes temporarily peaceful. While frustration and aggression surely is closely linked, the mere presence of frustration does not seem to suggest aggression, social learning is also an instigating factor. These responses provide proof that animals have an innate aggressive drive that can become active or inactive with the right stimulus. Freedom of choice Unlike animals, humans are equipped with a large cerebral cortex that allows for reasoning, consideration, creativity and behavior control. Anyways, university of MissouriColumbia Rowell Huesmann, How biology influences human aggression. They can think about something else, distance themselves, suppress their anger or even laugh it off.
after a few rodent generations.
Aggression is learned 1 behavior Studies.
Scientists have explored various possibilities of behavior. It’s an interesting fact that the media portray the violent model as a hero who is rewarded. Anyway, conversely, environmental stress can also trigger schizophrenia in a person that is predisposed to the mental illness. Considering the above said. When a person becomes frustrated they are motivated to react the way that they learnt should produce results. Published Doctoral Dissertation, University of Baltimore. ARTICLES Geen, The importance of learning in aggression. University of Michigan. Anyways, the magnificence of human complexity is our ability to choose from an infinite percentage of possible reactions. Therefore, social learning theory. Besides, the probability of aggressive behavior transpiring depends on the situational factors. Conclusion Is aggression biologically or environmentally based?
In most studies of twins, the degree of consistency between the criminality of identical twins is approximately twice that of fraternal twins.
Aggressive behavior in monkeys can be induced by electrically stimulating certain areas of the brain.
Links between biological and environmental factors 1 The Link between the frustration aggression hypothesis and social learning According to the ‘frustration aggression’ hypothesis, frustration stimulates a drive that leads to aggression. Notice that sometimes identical stimulation that causes a person to react aggressively to one person may not trigger very similar reaction towards other people. Therefore, frustration isn’t a single variable that causes aggression. You should take this seriously. Tryptophan hydroxylase enzyme is a single catalyst in the reaction producing serotonin and can therefore limit its production. You should take this seriously. Cohen and Nisbett. It’s rewarded with a food pellet, when the rat presses the bar.
Not only because of frustration their monetary limitations may hamper their ability to have proper diets, particularly one high in protein, The Link between aggressive behavior and people in poor communities People in poorer communities may exhibit more aggression. INTERNET ARTICLES D’Orban. If you are a moderator please see our troubleshooting guide. We were unable to load Disqus. Simple Awesome post shannon. Know what, I like it, shantanu Roy Very good article, kind of technical.