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Overall, two of 4 RCTs/randomized trials yielded a positive effect for to’peersupport’ group relative to comparison group at ‘postintervention’.
While scoring 6 9 out on average, studies were of low quality. Study targeting depressive symptoms problems, including depression and anxiety, general psychological problems.
RCT targeting anxiety and RCT targeting tobacco. Of two trials that yielded positive effects, one used a moderated discussion group and other utilized virtual reality chat. Findings from school based interventions indicated that ‘school based’ programmes implemented across diverse LMICs can have significant positive effects on students’ emotional and behavioural wellbeing, including reduced depression and anxiety and improved coping skills. Interventions promoting mental health of young people can be implemented effectively in Low Middle Income Countries school and community settings with moderate to strong evidence of their impact on both positive and negative mental health outcomes. Additionally, evidence from to’communitybased’ interventions suggested promising findings concerning potential of multicomponent interventions to impact on youth mental health and social wellbeing. There was no evidence for an additional effect of electronic support group ‘postintervention’ in reducing depressive symptoms. It’s a well-known fact that the moderation status of bulletin board was unknown. With all that said… Did you know that the single study targeting psychological problems was a randomized trial and compared an electronic bulletin board plus online information with online information alone. Eventually, a significant reduction in depressive symptoms was observed in both intervention groups from preto post intervention.
To evaluate study quality, risk of bias criteria proposed by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group was used.
These criteria are designed to assess potential sources of bias for studies involving a control group.
Besides, the EPOC criteria assess following nine study characteristics. Anyway, these reviews, however, did not focus on young people and mental health problems generally. Other systematic reviews have investigated effectiveness of health related online peer support networks, and impact of Internet support groups on depressive symptoms. Now look, a recent systematic review examined online and reviews have evaluated effectiveness of ‘facetoface’ and online peer support networks in adults with various health conditions. Therefore this review did not investigate other mental health conditions in young people.
Most of studies employed Internet support groups, bulletin boards, or forums, and remaining studies focused on virtual reality chat.
a metaanalysis of peer support interventions for depression found evidence that peer support leads to improvements in depressive symptoms relative to usual care.
Peer support may also increase supportive communication and emotional ‘wellbeing’. Previous studies showed that greater participant involvement in an online forum was associated with lower levels of emotional distress among adolescents. Intervention length ranged from 3 to 10 weeks with a mean of 8 /discussion groups/bulletin boards/forums) and synchronous formats. Basically, research has shown that users of online forums improve their coping strategies, both in social interaction and with regard to their health condition.
Five studies reported that support groups were moderated by either health professionals or consumers.
a systematic review of Internet support groups for a wide majority of health conditions also found positive effects for depressive symptoms.
a lot of studies investigated peer to peer support platforms that were developed for research purposes and not available to topublic. Available evidence suggests that online ‘peer to peer’ support interventions depending on International Classification of Diseases keywords for mental health research. Nevertheless, current systematic review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and ‘MetaAnalyses’ statement. I know that the search strategy covered following concepts. I’m sure you heard about this. For first stage, with intention to eliminate clearly irrelevant abstracts, two independent raters screened remaining 3042 abstracts for relevant studies conforming to following inclusion criteria where effectiveness of peer support component of intervention could not be isolated were excluded. I know that the absence of studies involving individuals experiencing severe problems or in recovery shows I know it’s not known if ‘peertopeer’ support is appropriate for this group. Most of us are aware that there is limited evidence for effectiveness of this addition to care.
a lot of studies examining Internet interventions for young people use peer support as an adjunct.
Undoubtedly it’s vital that future research explores specific contribution of peer support to these interventions.
On the basis of findings published to date, Undoubtedly it’s not possible to conclude for whom and under which conditions peer support interactions work. Then the range of mean age of participants in sample fell between 15 to 21 years. One study contained equal numbers of males and females, one study contained predominantly males, and one study did not report participant gender, lots of studies targeted young adults, either all or quite a few participants were female. In most studies, participants were recruited at universities or schools. Usually, plenty of samples consisted of university students, and remaining studies included rural teens or adolescent smokers. You should take this seriously. Whenever comprising Student Bodies program plus either highlight need to determine their ‘longer term’ impact on more specific mental health outcomes, single RCT targeting eating disorders compared a no intervention control condition with three conditions.
Detailed characteristics of included studies, and remaining studies were from Australia, England, and Ireland.
One review found that all identified studies that evaluated additional effect of peer support were ‘pre post’ studies with ‘lowquality’ research designs.
Lack of ‘highquality’ studies is especially concerning, given young people’s extensive use of Internet to search for mental health information and connect with others. So paucity of highquality randomized controlled trials examining effects of peer support in young people makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions about its effectiveness. While emphasizing need for highquality research in this field, another review that focused on Internet support groups and depression in adults found similar results. These findings are similar to previous systematic reviews of online ‘peertopeer’ support in adults. Of course, it was reported that a growing number of young people use Internet to seek benefits could potentially overcome a lot of to barriers young people face when seeking this change was not significant, pre post study showed an increase in smoking abstinence in past week from pre to ‘post intervention’. On p of this, RCT and to’pre post’ study targeting bacco use, both examined virtual world chat rooms. You should take it into account. Accordingly the RCT reported significantly higher abstinence rates in intervention group compared to control group post intervention, while in both studies participants were smokers at baseline. So, two studies targeting depression and anxiety used Depression Anxiety Stress Scale or Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as their primary outcome measure. Single study targeting psychological stress used Clinical Outcomes in Routine ‘Evaluation Outcome’ Measure. Notice that one study targeting eating disorders used Eating Disorder Inventory, and two remaining studies targeting substance use problems used ‘pastweek’ abstinence rates.
Two used a ITT design, and one study reported completer analyses for all outcomes and ITT analyses for any study were reported. Field of online ‘peer to peer’ support is still in its infancy and many questions remain unanswered.
Despite this fact, given that many online interventions for young people include a peer support component, there’s an urgent need to distinguish which parts of these interventions are effective.
That’s a fact, it’s also important to note that although peer support is frequently used as an adjunct to online interventions, very few studies have isolated and investigated additional effect of online peer support.
Therefore this resulted in exclusion of 40 studies. Of course, opinions on this approach are mixed and suitability and practicability of peer to peer support as an intervention in and of itself was subject of debate. It’s disappointing that so few studies sought to identify specific contribution of ‘peer to peer’ support. Qualitative studies of online peer support contribute to understanding user characteristics, perceived benefits, potential risks, and to’self help’ process. Besides, future studies must use both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate this question. Did you know that the present review addressed this specific gap in toliterature. On p of this, question remains under which conditions and for whom these support groups are effective and how social support can be improved.
Both RCT and to’prepost’ study targeting depression and anxiety symptoms examined moderated forums. Not depression these findings are of interest, particularly given extensive use of peer support in field of mental health, RCT demonstrated that an online peer support forum was effective compared with control condition at ‘post intervention’ in reducing anxiety. We expect that there may be technical problems in various sections of tosite, as we adjust to new server. Then again, please contact technical support and report any problems that you may encouter. For instance, please be advised that jmir.org has just been migrated to a brand new server. Seriously. May 3rd. Thank you for understanding and patience. Of course So there’s a need to investigate effectiveness of synchronous chat sessions for other mental health problems in young people. Therefore, from this review it’s clear that research on peertopeer support among young people is dominated by studies that employed asynchronous communication. A well-known fact that is. Both involved a virtual reality chat component targeting tobacco, In this review only two studies investigated synchronous communication. Whenever coding of study design characteristics included study design, dropout, primary outcome measure for tostudy, measurement time points, if intervention yielded a statistically significant positive outcome and where possible Hedge’s g effect sizes for differences between intervention and control group postintervention, whether ‘intention to treat’ analysis was employed.
Six papers evaluating effectiveness of peer to peer interaction were coded independently by two raters with a preformulated coding sheet. Included studies were coded for, peer support type, and whether and by whom it was moderated. There was limited information on moderators, their degree of skills, and their engagement with discussion group. That said, this may shed light on which degree of moderation works best for participants.a bunch of discussion groups were moderated by health professionals, researchers or consumers. Given that moderation is a critical facts of ‘peer to peer’ support, future studies must include details about to moderation type and moderators. Nevertheless to moderation type might impact outcome for participants, included studies did not provide detailed information on use of theory driven moderation or discussion of risk management. Now this project was resourced by Young and Well CRC.